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                <h1 id="css深入了解"><a href="#css深入了解" class="headerlink" title="css深入了解"></a>css深入了解</h1><h2 id="CSS属性继承"><a href="#CSS属性继承" class="headerlink" title="CSS属性继承"></a>CSS属性继承</h2><h3 id="不可继承"><a href="#不可继承" class="headerlink" title="不可继承"></a>不可继承</h3><p>padding、 border、 margin、 background、display、overflow、height、min-heigth、max-width、width、min-width、max-width、postion、left、right、top、bottom、z-index、float、clear、table-layout、vertical-align</p>
<h3 id="所有元素可继承"><a href="#所有元素可继承" class="headerlink" title="所有元素可继承"></a>所有元素可继承</h3><p>cursor、 visibility</p>
<h3 id="块级元素可继承"><a href="#块级元素可继承" class="headerlink" title="块级元素可继承"></a>块级元素可继承</h3><p>text-indent、text-align</p>
<h3 id="内联元素可继承"><a href="#内联元素可继承" class="headerlink" title="内联元素可继承"></a>内联元素可继承</h3><p>letter-spacing、word-spacing、font、font-size、font-famliy、color、font-weight、font-style、font-variant、text-trasform、text-decoration、direction、line-height</p>
<h3 id="列表属性可继承"><a href="#列表属性可继承" class="headerlink" title="列表属性可继承"></a>列表属性可继承</h3><p>list-style、list-style-type、list-style-image、list-style-position</p>
<h3 id="表格属性可继承"><a href="#表格属性可继承" class="headerlink" title="表格属性可继承"></a>表格属性可继承</h3><p>table-layout、empty-cells、border-spacing、bordr-collapse、caption-side</p>
<h2 id="css属性中属性值可以取负数"><a href="#css属性中属性值可以取负数" class="headerlink" title="css属性中属性值可以取负数"></a>css属性中属性值可以取负数</h2><p>margin、outline-offset、text-indent、letter-spacing、word-spacing、 z-index、left、right、top、bottom transform:scale()、transfrom:translate()、box-shadow、text-shadow</p>
<h2 id="元素类型"><a href="#元素类型" class="headerlink" title="元素类型"></a>元素类型</h2><h3 id="块状元素"><a href="#块状元素" class="headerlink" title="块状元素"></a>块状元素</h3><p>h1~h6、div、p、ul、ol、li、dl、dt、table、thead、tbody、tfoot、tr、caption、form、fieldset、legend、address 、noscript、center、blockquote、dir、pre、hr</p>
<h3 id="行内元素"><a href="#行内元素" class="headerlink" title="行内元素"></a>行内元素</h3><p>a、b、strong、em、i、img、input、label、textarea、select、sub、sup、u、big、small、br、cite、code、dfn、q、tt、var、samp</p>
<h3 id="行内块状元素"><a href="#行内块状元素" class="headerlink" title="行内块状元素"></a>行内块状元素</h3><p>img、input</p>
<h3 id="置换元素"><a href="#置换元素" class="headerlink" title="置换元素"></a>置换元素</h3><p>img、input、select、textarea、iframe、object、canvas</p>
<h2 id="默认具有内边距或外边框的元素"><a href="#默认具有内边距或外边框的元素" class="headerlink" title="默认具有内边距或外边框的元素"></a>默认具有内边距或外边框的元素</h2><p>body、h1~h6、p、ul、or、dl、dd、th、td、fieldset、legend、input button、textarea、option、hr、blockquote、pre</p>
<h3 id="亲测没有"><a href="#亲测没有" class="headerlink" title="亲测没有"></a>亲测没有</h3><p>html、div、li、dt、table、thead、tbody、tfoot、tr、form、select、label、header、main、section、artice、aside、footer</p>
<h2 id="隐藏页面元素"><a href="#隐藏页面元素" class="headerlink" title="隐藏页面元素"></a>隐藏页面元素</h2><ul>
<li>display:none; 不占据空间 不可进行数据交互</li>
<li>visibility:hidden; 占据空间，不可进行数据交互</li>
<li>overflow:hidden; 溢出隐藏 占据空间 不可进行数据交互</li>
<li>opacity:0; 占据空间 且可进行数据交互</li>
<li>z-index:-9999; 置于最低层，看起来隐藏</li>
<li>text-indent:-99999; 移出页面区域</li>
<li>trasfrom:scale(0,0) 将元素缩放为0 ，占据空间 不可进行数据交互</li>
<li>宽高边框内外边距都设置为0 再设置overflow:hidden;</li>
<li>另外还有margin position 中的属性取负值，移出页面区域等…</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="BFC-块级格式上下文"><a href="#BFC-块级格式上下文" class="headerlink" title="BFC 块级格式上下文"></a>BFC 块级格式上下文</h2><h3 id="触发条件"><a href="#触发条件" class="headerlink" title="触发条件"></a>触发条件</h3><ul>
<li>浮动元素(float不为none)</li>
<li>overflow值不为visible的块元素</li>
<li>定位元素(position:absolute 或 position:fixed)</li>
<li>display的属性值为：inline-block、table、table-cell、table-caption、table-row、table-group、table-row-group、table-header-group、table-footer-group、flex、inline-flex、grid、inline-grid</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="四大内核"><a href="#四大内核" class="headerlink" title="四大内核"></a>四大内核</h2><ul>
<li>IE浏览器 -ms 内核： Trident</li>
<li>firefox浏览器 -moz 内核：Gecko</li>
<li>Chrome浏览器 -webkit 内核：之前webkit 现在是Blink</li>
<li>safari浏览器 -webkit 内核：webkit</li>
<li>Opera浏览器 -o 内核：Blink</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="垂直水平居中"><a href="#垂直水平居中" class="headerlink" title="垂直水平居中"></a>垂直水平居中</h2><ol>
<li><p>定位 + margin (内含两种方式)</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight css"><span class="comment"><code class="language-highlight css"><span class="comment">/*代码经过简化，只留关键代码*/</span>
<span class="selector-tag">left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%;<span class="selector-tag">top</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%;<span class="selector-tag">margin-left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:xpx</span>;<span class="selector-tag">margin-right</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:xpx</span>;
第二种：<span class="selector-tag">left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;<span class="selector-tag">right</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;<span class="selector-tag">top</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;<span class="selector-tag">bottom</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;<span class="selector-tag">margin</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:auto</span>; <span class="comment">/*子盒子要有宽高，不然会全屏*/</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>定位 + translate</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%; <span class="selector-tag">right</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%; <span class="selector-tag">trasform</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:(-50</span>%, <span class="selector-tag"><code class="language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%; <span class="selector-tag">right</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:50</span>%; <span class="selector-tag">trasform</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:(-50</span>%, <span class="selector-tag">-50</span>%);<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>display:flex;</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">display</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:flex</span>; <span class="selector-tag">justify-content</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>; <span class="selector-tag">align-items</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>;  <span class="comment"><code class="language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">display</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:flex</span>; <span class="selector-tag">justify-content</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>; <span class="selector-tag">align-items</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>;  <span class="comment">/*兼容性差*/</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>display:table-cell</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">display</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:table-cell</span>; <span class="selector-tag">vertical-align</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>; <span class="comment"><code class="language-highlight css"><span class="selector-tag">display</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:table-cell</span>; <span class="selector-tag">vertical-align</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>; <span class="comment">/*父盒子必须要有固定的宽高（不能百分比）*/</span>
<span class="selector-tag">text-align</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:center</span>; <span class="comment">/*子元素要变为行内块状元素*/</span><span class="selector-tag">display</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:inline-block</span>;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>利用 calc() 计算</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight css"><code class="language-highlight css">margin-left:calc((父宽 - 自宽) / 2)
margin-top:calc((父高 - 自高) / 2)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



</li>
</ol>
<ol start="6">
<li><p>利用js</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight js"><span class="keyword">let</span> html = <span class="built_in">document</span>.documentElement, <span class="comment"><code class="language-highlight js"><span class="keyword">let</span> html = <span class="built_in">document</span>.documentElement, <span class="comment">// html文档为例</span>
  htmlW = html.clientWidth,
  htmlH = html.clientHeight,
  boxW = box.offsetWidth, 
  boxH = box.offsetHeight,
  x = (htmlW - boxW) / <span class="number">2</span> + <span class="string">'px'</span>,
  y = (htmlH - boxH) / <span class="number">2</span> + <span class="string">'px'</span>;
box.style.cssText = <span class="string">'position:absolute;left:'</span> + x + <span class="string">';top:'</span> + y;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
</li>
<li><p>利用js + getBoundingClientRect()返回的是DOM Rect</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-highlight js"><span class="keyword">let</span> html = <span class="built_in"><code class="language-highlight js"><span class="keyword">let</span> html = <span class="built_in">document</span>.documentElement,
  htmlW = html.clientWidth,
  htmlH = html.clientHeight,
  <span class="comment">// boxW = box.offsetWidth,</span>
  <span class="comment">// boxH = box.offsetHeight,</span>
  boxW = box.getBoundingClientRect().width,
  boxH = box.getBoundingClientRect().height,
  x = (htmlW - boxW) / <span class="number">2</span> + <span class="string">'px'</span>,
  y = (htmlH - boxH) / <span class="number">2</span> + <span class="string">'px'</span>;
box.style.cssText = <span class="string">'position:absolute;left:'</span> + x + <span class="string">';top:'</span> + y;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="IE6常见BUG"><a href="#IE6常见BUG" class="headerlink" title="IE6常见BUG"></a>IE6常见BUG</h2><ol>
<li>浮动元素双外边距bug  — display:inline;</li>
<li>左浮动使margin-bottom失效 — 父标签设置 _padding-bottom代替</li>
<li>内部盒模型超出父级时，父级被撑大 —  overflow:hidden;</li>
<li>块元素默认高度16px左右 — font-size:0;/ overflow:hidden;</li>
<li>li之间会有间距 — float:left;</li>
<li>块元素中有文字和右浮动的行元素，行元素换行 — 行元素置于文字前面</li>
<li>行标签之间默认会有空白 — float</li>
<li>line-height默认行高bug  —  设置行高</li>
<li>标签高度无法小于19px  —  overflow:hidden;</li>
<li>img于块元素中，底边多出空白 – img{display:block} </li>
<li>a标签中的img标签默认会有边框 — border:0/none;</li>
<li>子级中有设置position 父级中的overflw失效 — 为父级设置position:relative;</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="回流与重绘"><a href="#回流与重绘" class="headerlink" title="回流与重绘"></a>回流与重绘</h2><p>一个页面从加载到完成，首先是构建DOM树，然后根据DOM树的属性形成render树(渲染树) ，当渲染树构建完成后，页面就根据DOM树开始布局，然后渲染树就根据样式对应的渲染。</p>
<h3 id="回流-reflow"><a href="#回流-reflow" class="headerlink" title="回流(reflow)"></a>回流(reflow)</h3><p>页面布局发生变化(大小，位置，是否隐藏) -&gt; DOM树结构发生变化 -&gt; DOM树重新构建 -&gt; render树重新渲染 这就是回流</p>
<ul>
<li>添加或删除DOM元素</li>
<li>元素的位置发生变化</li>
<li>元素的尺寸发生变化(宽高，内外边距，边框)</li>
<li>内容发生变化(比如文本变化，图片被另一个不同尺寸的图片代替等)</li>
<li>页面一开始渲染(无法避免)</li>
<li>浏览器窗口尺寸发生变化(回流是根据视口的尺寸大小来计算元素的位置和大小的)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="重绘-rpaint"><a href="#重绘-rpaint" class="headerlink" title="重绘(rpaint)"></a>重绘(rpaint)</h3><p>不会影响页面布局，DOM树结构不发生变化，只是单纯的改变了外观，风格，只就是重绘(如：修改颜色)</p>
<h3 id="回流与重绘的区别"><a href="#回流与重绘的区别" class="headerlink" title="回流与重绘的区别"></a>回流与重绘的区别</h3><p>回流必重绘，重绘不一定回流</p>
<h3 id="减少回流与重绘"><a href="#减少回流与重绘" class="headerlink" title="减少回流与重绘"></a>减少回流与重绘</h3><ul>
<li>合并多次对DOM和样式的修改</li>
<li>使其脱离文档流(不在渲染树)</li>
<li>在DOM之外构建一个子树，再拷贝文档</li>
<li>循环添加元素时：先添加到数组里面去或先添加到不在DOM树里面元素或使用碎片片段或先保存在字符串里面再使用innerHTMl 一次性添加。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="引起回流的css属性"><a href="#引起回流的css属性" class="headerlink" title="引起回流的css属性"></a>引起回流的css属性</h3><p>width、height、min-height、border、border-width、padding、margin、display、position、left、right、top、bottom、float、clear、font-size、font-weight、font-family、line-height、text-align、overflow、overflow-y、white-space、vertical-align</p>
<h3 id="引起重绘的css属性"><a href="#引起重绘的css属性" class="headerlink" title="引起重绘的css属性"></a>引起重绘的css属性</h3><p>color、background、backgroud-image、background-position、background-size、background-repeat、border-style、border-radius、outline、outline-color、outline-style、outline-width、box-shadow、text-decoration、visibility</p>
<h2 id="选择器的优先级"><a href="#选择器的优先级" class="headerlink" title="选择器的优先级"></a>选择器的优先级</h2><h3 id="基础选择器"><a href="#基础选择器" class="headerlink" title="基础选择器"></a>基础选择器</h3><ul>
<li><strong>通配符</strong>选择器 0000</li>
<li><strong>标签</strong>选择器，<strong>伪元素</strong>选择器 00001</li>
<li><strong>类</strong>选择器，<strong>属性</strong>选择器，<strong>伪类</strong>选择器 0010</li>
<li><strong>id</strong>选择器 0100</li>
<li>另外 行内(内联)样式 1000</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="优先级规则"><a href="#优先级规则" class="headerlink" title="优先级规则"></a>优先级规则</h3><ol>
<li>最近的祖先样式比其他祖先样式优先级高</li>
<li>自身的样式 比祖先样式优先级高</li>
<li>行内样式 &gt; id选择器 &gt; 类选择器=属性选择器=伪类选择器 &gt; 标签选择器=伪元素选择器 &gt; 通配符选择器</li>
<li>权重叠加，大的优先级高，相等”就近原则”</li>
<li>!important优先级最高</li>
</ol>
<p>注意：11个类选择器的权重叠加110  会小于 一个id选择器的权重。原因：<strong>权重的进制不是10进制，而是更大的数值</strong></p>
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